A surrogate mother in Greece, is the woman who is pregnant with the child and intends to relinquish it after birth. The word surrogate, from Latin subrŏgare (to substitute), means appointed to act in the place of. The intended parent(s) is the individual or couple who intends to rear the child after its birth. The first recorded “case” in human history can be found in the Bible, where Sarah, unable to give birth, proposed to her husband Abraham, her servant Hagar to carry their child.
In traditional surrogacy (also known as the Straight method) the surrogate is pregnant with her own biological child, but this child was conceived with the intention of relinquishing the child to be raised by others such as the biological father and possibly his spouse or partner, either male or female.
The child may be conceived via home artificial insemination using fresh or frozen sperm or impregnated via IUI (intrauterine insemination), or IVF (in vitro fertilization) or ICSI which is performed in a fertility clinic, such as Crete Fertility Centre. Sperm from the male partner of the ‘commissioning couple’ may be used, or alternatively, sperm from a sperm donor can be used. Donor sperm will, for example, be used if the ‘commissioning couple’ is both female and where the child is commissioned by a single woman.
Unfortunately, some women are unable to carry a child to term. A variety of causes account for this, including failure of the embryo to implant, repeated miscarriage, hysterectomy or a pelvic disorder. Some women experience problems such as dangerously high blood pressure, a heart condition or liver disease, so that pregnancy would entail a serious health risk for them.
In gestational surrogacy (aka the Host method) the surrogate becomes pregnant via embryo transfer with a child of which she is not the biological mother. She may have made an arrangement to relinquish it to the biological mother or father to raise, or to a parent who is unrelated to the child (e. g. because the child was conceived using egg donation, sperm donation or is the result of a donated embryo). The surrogate mother may be called the gestational carrier.
Altruistic surrogacy is a situation where the surrogate receives no financial reward for her pregnancy or the relinquishment of the child (although usually all expenses related to the pregnancy and birth are paid by the intended parents such as medical expenses, maternity clothing, and other related expenses).
At Crete Fertility Centre we offer extensive counselling, on the issue of Surrogacy, covering all possible aspects, starting from the emotional & psychological implications, down to indicated tests that surrogates should receive and insemination methods suggested for conception.
The Greek legal framework for assisted reproduction services is one of the most progressive worldwide, establishing Greece (and the Crete Fertility Centre) as an ideal destination for couples from abroad seeking treatment not available in their own country.
Recent Greek legislation assists couples to realize their dream of having a baby, using egg or sperm donation, until the age of 50 for women and without age limit for men, in contrast to other European countries such as France. In addition, there is favourable legislation for couples considering host surrogacy as a treatment option, in contrast to countries such as India.
Fertility regulations vary from country to country in the E.U. In UK legislation permits single women and gay/ same-sex couples (male and female) parenthood and access to ART technology in both public and private sector. This has led to an increase in demand for these services.
On the other hand, Italy legislated against single and gay parenthood in 2004 also being very restrictive to un-married couples, requiring a comprehensive series of medical examinations, to prove the couple to be infertile. In addition, embryo freezing, sperm donation and egg donation as well as surrogacy are forbidden by law.
In the United States of America, medical insurance companies and state law demand that couples follow a lengthy bureaucratic process before agreement to undertake treatment can be reached. Individual State laws differ, for example, in California, state law does not require insurance companies to include fertility treatments in their contracts, while in Connecticut, women over 40, are not covered by insurance companies.
Our 17 years of experience has shown that a lot of couples, motivated by their strong wish to have a baby, while hindered by restrictive legislation in their own country, seek in Third World countries exposing themselves to avoidable risks because of inconsistency and clarity in standards of health acre and hygiene as well as failure to conceive. Lack of a robust and transparent ART legal framework has been known to complicate the experience many couples have had abroad in unfamiliar cultures and societies.
Qualche dato aggiornato a febbraio 2014 sulle esperienze di gestazione per altri (GPA) attuata o almeno avviata da uomini gay single o in coppia
CSO (Canada): 11 famiglie, 15 bambini, 2007-2012
California:
Fertility Miracles, CA: 10 famiglie, 11 bambini e 1 in arrivo, 2009-2013
Fertility & Surgical Associates (dr. Kumar), CA: 9 famiglie, ancora nessun bambino, tutti rapporti avviati nel 2013
Growing Generations, CA: 7 famiglie, 13 bambini, 2006-2011
SAI (Surrogate Alternatives), CA: 4 famiglie, 5 bambini e 2 in arrivo, 2007-2014
Conceptual Options, CA: 1 famiglia, 1 bambino, 2009-2011
Altri stati USA:
IARC, MN: 3 famiglie, 2 bambini, 2010-2011
Family Source Consultants, IL: 1 famiglia, 2 bambini, 2012-2013
Circle Surrogacy, MA: nessuna famiglia (ma molte famiglie l’hanno consultata!)
Ucraina: 2 famiglie, 3 bambini, 2007-2010
Sudafrica: 1 famiglia, 1 bambini, 2007-2009
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