NOVEMBER 17 2014 11:17 AM
Leslie Feinberg, who identified as an anti-racist white, working-class, secular Jewish, transgender, lesbian, female, revolutionary communist, died on November 15. She succumbed to complications from multiple tick-borne co-infections, including Lyme disease, babeisiosis, and protomyxzoa rheumatica, after decades of illness.
She died at home in Syracuse, NY, with her partner and spouse of 22 years, Minnie Bruce Pratt, at her side. Her last words were: “Remember me as a revolutionary communist.”
Feinberg was the first theorist to advance a Marxist concept of “transgender liberation,” and her work impacted popular culture, academic research, and political organizing.
Her historical and theoretical writing has been widely anthologized and taught in the U.S. and international academic circles. Her impact on mass culture was primarily through her 1993 first novel, Stone Butch Blues, widely considered in and outside the U.S. as a groundbreaking work about the complexities of gender. Sold by the hundreds of thousands of copies and also passed from hand-to-hand inside prisons, the novel has been translated into Chinese, Dutch, German, Italian, Slovenian, Turkish, and Hebrew (with her earnings from that edition going to ASWAT Palestinian Gay Women).
In a statement at the end of her life, she said she had “never been in search of a common umbrella identity, or even an umbrella term, that brings together people of oppressed sexes, gender expressions, and sexualities” and added that she believed in the right of self-determination of oppressed individuals, communities, groups, and nations.
She preferred to use the pronouns she/zie and her/hir for herself, but also said: “I care which pronoun is used, but people have been disrespectful to me with the wrong pronoun and respectful with the right one. It matters whether someone is using the pronoun as a bigot, or if they are trying to demonstrate respect.”
Feinberg was born September 1, 1949, in Kansas City, Missouri, and raised in Buffalo, NY, in a working-class Jewish family. At age 14, she began supporting herself by working in the display sign shop of a local department store, and eventually stopped going to her high school classes, though officially she received her diploma. It was during this time that she entered the social life of the Buffalo gay bars. She moved out of a biological family hostile to her sexuality and gender expression, and to the end of her life carried legal documents that made clear they were not her family.
Discrimination against her as a transgender person made it impossible for her to get steady work. She earned her living for most of her life through a series of low-wage temp jobs, including working in a PVC pipe factory and a book bindery, cleaning out ship cargo holds and washing dishes, serving an ASL interpreter, and doing medical data inputting.
In her early twenties Feinberg met Workers World Party at a demonstration for Palestinian land rights and self-determination. She soon joined WWP through its founding Buffalo branch.
After moving to New York City, she participated in numerous mass organizing campaigns by the Party over the years, including many anti-war, pro-labor rallies. In 1983-1984 she embarked on a national tour about AIDS as a denied epidemic. She was a key organizer in the December 1974 March Against Racism in Boston, a campaign against white supremacist attacks on African-American adults and schoolchildren in the city. Feinberg led a group of ten lesbian-identified people, including several from South Boston, on an all-night “paste up” of South Boston, covering every visible racist epithet.
Feinberg was one of the organizers of the 1988 mobilization in Atlanta that re-routed the white supremacist Ku Klux Klan as they tried to march down Martin Luther King, Jr. Ave., on MLK Day. When anti-abortion groups descended on Buffalo in 1992 and again in 1998-1999 with the murder there of Dr. Barnard Slepian, Feinberg returned to work with Buffalo United for Choice and its Rainbow Peacekeepers, which organized community self-defense for local LGBTQ+ bars and clubs as well as the women’s clinic.
A WW journalist since 1974, Feinberg was the editor of the Political Prisoners page of Workers World newspaper for 15 years, and became a managing editor in 1995. She was a member of the National Committee of the Party.
From 2004-2008 Feinberg's writing on the links between socialism and LGBT history, "Lavender & Red," ran as a 120-part series in Workers World newspaper. Her most recent book, Rainbow Solidarity in Defense of Cuba, was an edited selection of that series.
Feinberg authored two other non-fiction books, Transgender Warriors: Making History and Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue, as well as a second novel, Drag King Dreams.
Feinberg was a member of the National Writers Union, Local 1981, and of Pride at Work, an AFL-CIO constituency group. She received an honorary doctorate from the Starr King School for the Ministry for her transgender and social justice work, and was the recipient of numerous other awards, including the Lambda Literary Award and the American Library Association Gay and Lesbian Book Award.
During a period when diseases would not allow her to read, write, or talk, Feinberg continued to communicate through art. Picking up a camera for the first time, she posted thousands of pictures on Flickr, including “The Screened-In Series,” a disability-art class-conscious documentary of her Hawley-Green neighborhood photographed entirely from behind the windows of her apartment.
Diagnosed with Lyme and multiple tick-borne co-infections in 2008, Feinberg was infected first in the early 1970s when little was known about the diseases. She had received treatment for these only within the last six years. She said, “My experience in ILADS care offers great hope to desperately-ill people who are in earlier stages of tick-borne diseases.”
She attributed her catastrophic health crisis to “bigotry, prejudice and lack of science”—active prejudice toward her transgender identity that made access to health care exceedingly difficult, and lack of science in limits placed by mainstream medical authorities on information, treatment, and research about Lyme and its co-infections. She blogged online about these issues in “Casualty of an Undeclared War.”
At the time of her death she was preparing a 20th anniversary edition of Stone Butch Blues. She worked up to within a few days of her death to prepare the edition for free access, reading, and download from on-line. In addition to the text of the novel, the on-line edition will contain a slideshow, “This Is What Solidarity Looks Like,” documenting the breadth of the organizing campaign to free CeCe McDonald, a young Minneapolis (trans)woman organizer and activist sent to prison for defending herself against a white neo-Nazi attacker. The new edition is dedicated to McDonald. A devoted group of friends are continuing to work to post Feinberg’s final writing and art online at Lesliefeinberg.net.
Feinberg’s spouse, Minnie Bruce Pratt, an activist and poet, is the author of Crime Against Nature, about loss of custody of her sons as a lesbian mother. Feinberg and Pratt met in 1992 when Feinberg presented a slideshow on her transgender research in Washington, D.C., sponsored by the local Workers World branch. After a long-distance courtship, they made their home for many years in Jersey City, NJ, where, to protect their relationship, the couple domestic-partnered in 2004 and civil-unioned in 2006. They also married in a civil ceremony in Massachusetts and in New York State in 2011.
Feinberg stressed that state authorities had no right to assign who were or were not her loved ones but rather that she would define her chosen family, citing Marx who said that the exchange value of love is — love.
Feinberg is survived by Pratt and an extended family of choice, as well as many friends, activists, and comrades around the world in struggle against oppression and for liberation.
EDITOR'S NOTE: Though we have often used "he" in reference to Feinberg at The Advocate, we recognize that this obituary was written by Feinberg's wife, Minnie Bruce Pratt, while at the author's bedside. Thus we are using her preferred pronouns here, despite our previous reporting.
“Remember me as a revolutionary communist.”
Remembering Leslie Feinberg—A Queer and Trans Fighter for Justice
by: Dean Spade on November 19th, 2014 | No Comments »
I will never forget the first time I saw Leslie Feinberg speak – New York City, 1996. The auditorium was full of young people like me who had read Stone Butch Blues and wanted to hear about gender and queerness. Leslie spoke about those things, but also about war and labor struggles and racism and U.S. militarism, refusing to deliver the narrow single-issue politics that the mainstreaming gay rights discourse had trained us to expect. It blew my mind and transformed what I thought was possible to say and be. I still think of Leslie every time I give a speech, hoping to build connections like the ones I saw Leslie build.
I read Stone Butch Blues not long after I moved to New York City in 1995. The scenes from that book – scenes of violence as well as scenes of love and finding connection to resistance movements – were burned in my brain, shaping how I understood the city. I still think of scenes from that book each time I enter certain subway stations or walk certain streets. In so many ways, Leslie made maps for queer and trans Left activists that we all continue to use to navigate, whether we know it or not.
Leslie was the opposite of a single-issue activist. Hir experiences of poverty, exploitation and violence fueled a deeply lived understanding of how harmful systems of meaning and control co-constitute each other. Leslie showed us what it looks like to understand our own identities in their complexity – ze participated in resistance movements as someone who was both a targeted person under capitalism and heteropatriarchy, and as someone who took up a position of solidarity as a white Jewish activist dedicated to dismantling white supremacy and standing in solidarity with Palestinians against settler colonialism and apartheid. Leslie showed us throughout hir whole life what it is to be a queer, trans fighter for justice.
My feelings about Leslie’s death, my gratefulness for hir life and the gifts of hir writing and activism, are also deeply wound up with rage about the ravages complex tick-borne diseases have wrought in our communities. So many loved ones have experienced the harms that come from the inadequate research, misdiagnosis, denial of coverage for care, and refusal to treat these diseases. I hope that in our grief we can all rededicate ourselves to fighting for free, accessible health care for all people, and increasing research about Lyme and other tick-borne diseases, and supporting people living with these diseases.
Dean Spade is a professor at Seattle University School of Law, a member of the Sylvia Rivera Law Project and author of Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics and the Limits of Law.
(Editor’s note: If you are unfamiliar with the gender-neutral pronouns used in this post, you can learn more here.)
Transmissions - Interview with Leslie Feinberg
July 28, 2006
In 1993, a novel by Leslie Feinberg, Stone Butch Blues, opened many people's eyes to gender issues. It was the story of Jess Goldberg's life as ze* tried to establish a gender identity and a role in society both before and after the Stonewall riots. Goldberg goes through many of the struggles that face people who don't fit the traditional gender roles: frequent loss of employment, difficulties in maintaining relationships, police harassment, and discrimination not only in the community at large but also within the lesbian and gay communities. I've been communicating with Leslie recently to discuss hir* new novel, Drag King Dreams, the story of Max Rubinstein, a male-identified transgender person working as a door attendant at Club Chaos, a drag bar in New York City, as he deals with life post-9/11. Jamie: Let's start with the basics. Which pronouns do you prefer used in referring to you? Leslie Feinberg: That's a thoughtful way to begin. For me, pronouns are always placed within context. I am female-bodied, I am a butch lesbian, a transgender lesbian - referring to me as "she/her" is appropriate, particularly in a non-trans setting in which referring to me as "he" would appear to resolve the social contradiction between my birth sex and gender expression and render my transgender expression invisible. I like the gender neutral pronoun "ze/hir"? because it makes it impossible to hold on to gender/sex/sexuality assumptions about a person you're about to meet or you've just met. And in an all trans setting, referring to me as "he/him"? honors my gender expression in the same way that referring to my sister drag queens as "she/her"? does. Jamie: In Drag King Dreams you cover several issues facing the trans community - identification, violence towards transgender people, difficulty in finding employment, etc. What do you feel are the major issues facing the trans community? Leslie: First, I'd have to say that there are many trans communities - shaped by different bodies, social expression, lived experiences, loves and identities, nationalities, classes, and regions. Drag King Dreams deals with the lives of marginalized working-class characters. Those who are easily "read" as gender-defiant, gender-different, gender-variant-those whose sex is not easily determined by strangers who demand to know that fact at a glance - face almost insurmountable obstacles finding a decent job, walking on the street, trying to use a public toilet, getting identification papers, being vulnerable to police harassment and also to bashings. I experience these as well. The Transgender Day of Remembrance every autumn is a testament to the violence that hangs like a sword of Damocles over our heads every day. Jamie: Do you feel you can convey different messages in fiction than by writing books like Transgender Warriors? Leslie: I don't know if the message is so different, but in my opinion the way it is conveyed certainly is. A novel takes us on a very deep emotional passage - an internal journey. Once we have traveled that path, the external nonfiction world can look changed to us. Jamie: I know that you spend quite a lot of time traveling all over the world talking about many issues besides transgender issues, such as issues facing workers on an international scale. During these appearances, are you usually more focused on transgender issues, workers' issues, or human rights issues? Leslie: I don't think I've ever given the same talk twice, because of course I'm speaking to very different audiences, and I always try to work hard to ensure that I am really talking to who is there with me, at that moment in time, and within the relationship of forces of sweeping current events. I would say that I do not separate out trans issues, or lesbian/gay/bi issues, queer issues, from that larger relationship of forces. That is true in my novels, too. They take place, like our lives do, within the context of a larger economic and social reality - including economic class struggle, the war being waged abroad and on the domestic front, daily battles against racism, immigrant-bashing, and misogyny, and deaf and disabled accessibility. Jamie: In what ways do you feel the trans community in the United States can gain the most ground as far as being treated equally in the workplace and within the community at large? Do you think that using concepts of human justice and equality for everyone has a better chance of success than fighting only for transgender rights? Leslie: The struggle for rights on the job has made some important strides. And it is important to see the work that is going on in labor unions. I am myself a national steering committee member of the LGBT Caucus of the National Writers Union/UAW; a member of Pride At Work, AFL-CIO; and an associate member of the Steelworkers Union. I first joined a union when I began working in the factories as an adolescent butch lesbian. I think that finding ways to revitalize the left wing of the LGBT movement - putting the "liberation" back into the goals of our movement - can strengthen our ability to build stronger ties of solidarity with all those who are struggling for economic and social justice, here and around the world. The union movement was built on this granite truth: An injury to one is an injury to all. I invite your readers to get to know me and my work better by visiting me at my web page: www.transgenderwarrior.org. *(See the book review of Drag King Dreams) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Butch_Blues#Plot_summary |
Χθες εδώ Transgender Pioneer Leslie Feinberg of Stone Butch Blues Has Died
ΑπάντησηΔιαγραφήδιάβασα το εξής:
"Leslie Feinberg, who identified as an anti-racist white, working-class, secular Jewish, transgender, lesbian, female, revolutionary communist, died on November 15."
Γραμμένο αν καταλαβαίνω καλά από την σύντροφό της και την οικογένεια της. Και επισης εδώ, σε μια παλιότερη συνεντευξή της (2006) http://www.campkc.com/campkc-content.php?Page_ID=225 λέει η ίδια σχετικά με την χρήση των αντωνυμιών που αφορούν στο πρόσωπό της:
Jamie: Let's start with the basics. Which pronouns do you prefer used in referring to you?
Leslie Feinberg: That's a thoughtful way to begin. For me, pronouns are always placed within context. I am female-bodied, I am a butch lesbian, a transgender lesbian - referring to me as "she/her" is appropriate, particularly in a non-trans setting in which referring to me as "he" would appear to resolve the social contradiction between my birth sex and gender expression and render my transgender expression invisible. I like the gender neutral pronoun "ze/hir" because it makes it impossible to hold on to gender/sex/sexuality assumptions about a person you're about to meet or you've just met. And in an all trans setting, referring to me as "he/him" honors my gender expression in the same way that referring to my sister drag queens as "she/her" does.
Νομίζω ότι αυτός ο άνθρωπος στη ζωή του ανέδειξε με όλους τους δυνατούς τρόπους την πολυπλοκότητα μέσα απο την οποία βιώνονται ανείπωτα σχεδόν πράγματα. Και αυτή η πολυπλοκότητα είναι που πρέπει να μάθουμε να αγκαλιάζουμε. Με αγάπη, κατανόηση, ενσυναισθηση. Μάλλον αυτό είναι το πιο δύσκολο πράγμα του κόσμου, εδικά όταν πρέπει παράλληλα να υπερασπιστείς στοιχειωδώς την ύπαρξή σου...καποιες σκέψεις...
Η συνέντευξη είναι σύντομη κ λέει ωραία πράγματα, αξίζει να διαβαστεί.
Leslie Feinberg, Hero, Has Died
ΑπάντησηΔιαγραφήPosted by helenboyd – November 17, 2014
It doesn’t matter if you know it’s coming – the death of someone you admire is never, ever expected.
I can’t begin to say how much I admired Feinberg. One of the best things to have happen to me, like ever, was having Feinberg tell me they liked my work. That’s the kind of thing that still sustains me, to this day.
Oh, to all of you trans elders and butches and femmes who loved Leslie as a friend or lover, my heart goes to you, and especially to Minnie Bruce Pratt.
I’m pretty sure ze didn’t believe in heaven, but everything ze ever did here on earth made this place a little more in its image.
What a remarkable, heartfelt, compassionate, dedicated, consistent life of activism, writing, and speaking.
We will miss you more than anyone can say or anyone even realizes.